@HotSlaza so I don't need to play with other people in All Pick match. only play Co-op with bot and still can get MMR?
Is the mind the same as the brain, or do we have souls?
Can computers think, or fall in love?
Can computers be creative?
What is consciousness?
Can we really know what it feels like to be a bat?
When you have a toothache, is the pain in your mouth or in your brain?
What is an emotion?
Is love just a feeling?
How is love different from passion or sexual desire?
Are emotions irrational?
Which would you rather be - an unhappy human being or a happy dog?
What is the meaning of life?
Is happiness the most important purpose in life?
Is it always better to have more choices?
Does freewill really exist?
If there is no freewill, should we punish people at all?
If God knows what you will do tomorrow, do you still have freewill?
Does God exist?
If God exists, why is there so much evil in the world?
Can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift?
Can there be two almighty Gods?
Can there be morality without God?
Is morality relative?
Is it objectively wrong to torture innocent babies just for fun?
Is abortion ever permissible?
Is it wrong to have children, if you don't know whether they want to be born?
What is wrong with incest?
What is friendship and why do we need it?
What is art?
Is there progress in art?
Can food be art?
Is it wrong to spend money on expensive food when people are dying of hunger?
If someone is drowning and you refuse to help, are you responsible for his death?
Why do we punish people?
Is it alright to torture terrorists to extract information?
When is it ok, if ever, to disobey the law?
Is it the main purpose of law to promote morality?
Should governments penalize people for unhealthy lifestyles?
Why ban drugs and not alcohol or trans-fat?
Should prostitution be made legal?
Is there such a thing as sexual perversion?
What is wrong with having sex with animals?
How much freedom should people have?
Are people free to sell themselves into slavery?
Why think there are universal human rights?
Is democracy the same as decision by the majority?
Should people who pay more taxes get more votes?
Is democracy suitable for all countries?
When should governments intervene in the market?
Is there a difference between free trade and fair trade?
What is wrong, if anything, about protectionism?
Is patriotism irrational?
Can wars ever be just?
Should people have the right to live in any country they wish?
Is the preservation of culture a good reason to limit immigration?
Is race a biological category or a social construct?
Are you the same person you were ten years ago?
What is a person? Is it the mind, or the body?
Do we think with language or pictures?
Why do we dream?
Can animals reason?
What about fish, oysters and tomatoes?
Do animals have rights?
If we eat chickens, why not dogs, dolphins, or babies?
If super-intelligent aliens want to eat humans, are they wrong?
If meat can be grown using stem cells, is there any reason not to eat meat?
Should we let people commit suicide when they are terminally ill?
Should we kill coma patients on life support to provide more resources to others?
Should organ donation be made compulsory?
Should organ donors be financially compensated?
Is it wrong to grow brain dead babies to harvest their organs?
Why should we respect the dead?
Should we fear death?
Is life meaningless if we can live forever?
What are numbers and do they really exist?
Does Sherlock Holmes exist?
Why is there something rather than nothing?
What is time?
Does time flow? How fast does it flow?
Can something be at two places at the same time?
Is time travel possible?
If you can travel back in time, can you kill your earlier self?
If you go back in time and teach young Einstein relativity theory, where does the idea come from?
Are there parallel universes?
Does every event have a cause?
"This sentence is false." Is it true or false?
"It will rain a week later." Is it true or false or neither?
Is truth relative, or a matter of opinion?
How do you know you are not dreaming right now?
If we live in a computer simulation, does it make a difference to the meaning of life?
Would you choose to live in a computer simulation if it will make you a lot happier?
Can we be certain of anything?
What is science?
Why is mathematics so important in science?
Is mathematics the same as logic?
Why believe in electrons and blackholes if we can't see them?
Can there be two different theories of the world, both true and complete?
How should we distinguish between good and bad scientific theories?
Is science compatible with religion?
Is there progress in philosophy?
What is philosophy anyway?
1. Is it worse to fail at something or never attempt it in the first place?
2. If you could choose just one thing to change about the world, what would it be?
3. To what extent do you shape your own destiny, and how much is down to fate?
4. Does nature shape our personalities more than nurture?
5. Should people care more about doing the right thing, or doing things right?
6. What one piece of advice would you offer to a newborn infant?
7. Where is the line between insanity and creativity?
8. What is true happiness?
9. What things hold you back from doing the things that you really want to?
10. What makes you, you?
11. What is the truth?
12. What is reality?
13. Do you make your own decisions, or let others make them for you?
14. What makes a good friend?
15. Why do people fear losing things that they do not even have yet?
16. Who defines good and evil?
17. What is the difference between living and being alive?
18. Is a “wrong” act okay if nobody ever knows about it?
19. Who decides what morality is?
20. How do you know that your experience of consciousness is the same as other people’s experience of consciousness?
21. What is true strength?
22. What is true love?
23. Is a family still relevant in the modern world?
24. What role does honour play in today’s society?
25. If money cannot buy happiness, can you ever be truly happy with no money?
26. How do you know your perceptions are real?
27. How much control do you have over your life?
28. What is freedom?
29. Isn’t one person’s terrorist another person’s freedom fighter?
30. What happens after we die?
31. What defines you?
32. What do people strive for after enlightenment?
33. Do we have a soul?
34. What is intelligence?
35. How should people live their lives?
36. If lying is wrong, are white lies okay?
37. Is trust more important than love?
38. Is it easier to love or be loved?
39. Is it better to love and lose or never to love?
40. Do aliens exist?
41. The structure of DNA appears to be intelligently designed, what are the implications?
42. If everything evolved from amoebas, how does the world still have amoebas?
43. Is life all a dream?
44. When does consciousness begin?
45. What are numbers?
46. Can we have happiness without sadness?
47. How did the universe begin?
48. Is there a supreme power?
49. What is education?
50. What will happen at the end of the world?
51. Is there a reason to life?
52. Where does the soul live?
53. Is it more important to be liked or respected?
54. Does sound happen if nothing is present to hear it?
55. What is infinity?
56. Where does the universe end?
57. Does observation alter an event?
58. Does the Law of Attraction exist?
59. How does gravity work?
60. Where were people before they were born?
61. What is beauty?
62. Where do thoughts come from?
63. Is mind or matter more real?
64. What is time?
65. How can people believe in truths without evidence?
Ethical Issues in Genome Editing using Crispr/Cas9 System
Ethical Issues
Balance of risks and benefits
An important ethical issue in research is that benefits must be greater than risks. Greater attention must be place on risks, since they may damage living beings or the environment. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 technique involves risks since it may produce off target mutations, which can be deleterious. A high frequency of off target effects has been found in human cells, but low in mice and zebrafish [32,33]. One problem is that large genomes may contain multiple DNA sequences identical or highly homologous to intended target DNA sequence. CRISPR/Cas9 may cleave also these unintended sequences causing mutations which may cause cell death or transformation [34,35]. Efforts have been made to reduce off target mutations, but further improvement is needed, especially for precise modifications needed for therapeutic interventions [10,12,36]. Another important problem is the efficient safe delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 into cell types or tissues that are hard to transfect and/or infect.
Ecological disequilibrium
In experiments using RNA-guided gene drives based on CRISPR/ Cas9 technique, it is necessary to probe specificity considering off target effects. Since gene drive is still operating in created beings, the possibility of mutations off target continues and may increase each generation. If there is risk of transferring genes to other species, then there is risk of transferring modified sequences, passing the negative trait to related organisms even across political borders [25]. The dispersion of gene drive trait may be difficult to control. Furthermore, the disappearance of a whole population targeted by gene drive may carry drastic consequences in the ecosystem equilibrium. For example, other plagues may be developed. Some scientists have warned about the risks of accidental release in the environment of experimental organisms modified using gene drives [37]. This demands careful assessment of each potential application and the need of regulatory norms [37]. Safety measures are necessary in order to avoid disseminations of organisms that may cause ecological damage or affect human health.
Regulations for consumers
The efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 technique to obtain precise genetic modifications makes more difficult to identify a genetically modified organism once outside the lab and also to regulate this organisms in the market. Regulatory Agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration in the US, must approve any genetically modified organism for consumers, but it is not clear how they will handle the possibility of an expanded market using CRISPR/Cas9 [38].
Another issue is the regulation of patenting. There are many economic interests involved. For many years transgenic organisms have been patented when they have an industrial use; also human gene sequences have been patented for clinical use; what has made possible an enormous growth of biotechnology. However, the practice of patenting may originate litigations. Already, there have been controversy and frictions among biotechnological companies over patenting CRISPR/Cas9 for therapeutic use in humans. Researchers Zhang versus Doudna and Charpentier disputed over the patent of the technique for use in human cells. Patenting can also be too broad in its applications. On one hand patenting raises the ethical issue that puts the emphasis in profit giving too much power to biotechnological companies, but in the other hand patenting may help regulate the field. But the emphasis must be in to commercialize or release only safe products.
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technique to human germline
Ethical concerns have been raised regarding the possibility of genome editing in human germline, thus is the genome that can be transmitted to following generations, be from gametes, a fertilized egg or from first embryo divisions [39,40]. Until now, all therapeutic interventions in humans using genome editing has been performed in somatic cells, but the experiment of Chinese researchers Liang and collaborators has created concern over the possibility of making changes in human germline [31]. The difference lies in that intended therapeutic genetic modifications in the germline may be transmitted to following generations. In general, therapeutic genome editing interventions in somatic cells is ethically accepted, considering the balance between risks and benefits and the use of informed consent. But germline cells are not the same, since the CRISPR/Cas9 technique can produce mutations and side effects, unpredictable changes may be transmitted to future generations. Also, there are problems in how to implement informed consent when there are risks and the effects could be transmitted to several generations [41,42]. In light of the possibility to alter human genes, some scientists are calling to a moratorium on applying CRISPR/Cas9 to the human germline. These scientists support basic research on CRISPR in cell lines or in somatic cells, but do not see CRISPR as developed enough for any clinical use in making inheritable changes to humans [43].
Already in 1997 UNESCO issued the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights recommending a moratorium for intervening genetically human germline. In December 2015, the International Summit on Human Gene Editing, which gather members of national scientific academies of America, Britain and China, discussed the ethics of germline modification. They agreed to proceed further with basic and clinical research under appropriate legal and ethical guidelines, but altering of gametocytes and embryos to generate inheritable changes in humans was claimed irresponsible. In addition, they agreed to initiate an international forum where these concerns will be continuously addressed, and regulations in research harmonized across countries [44]. The US National Institute of Health issued a statement, calling for a moratorium, banning NIH-funded research into genomic editing of human embryos [45].
However, in February 2016, British scientists were given permission by regulators to genetically modify human embryos by using CRISPR/ Cas9 and related techniques only for research [46].
Therefore, the genomic editing of human embryos for therapeutic reasons is being hold so far. The risks of hereditable unpredictable genetic mutations are greater than the possible benefits of therapy, affecting the principle of non-maleficence. The technique should be fully safe in order to try therapy in the germline. Furthermore, if damage were introduced, there will be a problem to whom make liable for the damage for following generations.
Once genome editing reaches enough safety level to allow clinical applications for preventing the development of genetic diseases, further discussion will be needed, considering social, legal and ethical implications and the need of regulatory norms to avoid abuses of germline genome editing.
Genome editing for enhancement
Another ethical issue to discuss is the possibility of non-therapeutic interventions using genome editing. Its use in germ line is ban for safety reasons. But, the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 technique increases the possibility to intervene somatic cells in order to match genetics to our life interests. Many phenotypic characteristics have a genetic component, apart from environment, which could be intervened. For example, the technique could be used to enhance performance of athletes or to prevent violent behaviour or diminish addiction. Generally, gene therapy looks to improve the health of a patient for its own benefit, but it may happens in the future that the criminal justice system mandate genome editing of genes related to violence for repeat offenders or violent dangerous criminals [47]. If the intervention is done during development, there are problems of informed consent with minors, since it is questionable that parents or guardians should be allow to decide for them their future for non-health reasons. Socially, there will be a problem if some populations or individuals may be enhanced genetically having advantage over others, for example in intellectual capacity.
Formation of animal chimeras for organ transplantation
The development of human/animal chimeras for organ transplantation may provide hope for many that have to wait invaluable time for a human organ donor available. But the formation of these chimeras may carry human neural and germ cells [48]. Chimeras have raised ethical concerns over their risk and on the violation of the order of nature, producing moral confusion on how to treat the organism, as animal or human? [30,49,50]. For some, chimeric embryos possess the potential to develop organisms with human-derived cells or tissue, which may affect the identity of the human species, affecting its dignity. But, that an organism contains human cells does not convert the organism into human, neither affects its dignity. The human like characteristic associated to the chimera are only of biological nature, does not affect the moral status of the animal, they do not achieve consciousness for example.
Conclusion
Many have urged a public dialogue over the social, ethical and legal implications of using genome-editing technique in human germline, but there are other relevant issues to be discussed in relation with this technique as well. The use of CRISPR/cas9 revives many other social and ethical issues, not only with humans, also with other organisms and the environment, such as taking into account the non-maleficence principle in risk assessment, safety issues to avoid ecological impairment or the possible use of the technique for genetic enhancement.
stomp 1 normal skill match, make calibration think you're a god.
then play co-op bots only to get to level 20.
I think playing with bots to level up is gonna back fire to you real hard so don't do it, go level up the normal way you know like every normal dota player do.
Its akin to testing your real world battle prowess by breaking a brick with day 10 karate and then saying you have enough combat experience to step into a pro boxing ring and win with only that." ~ Albert Einstein
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guys I want to ask u about play Co-op with bot. last day I play Co-op againts bot and I see my team have a very high levels like 95, 90, 56, and I still lvl 12. but, I see lvl 95 in my team he has 0 gpm and 0 xpm (he always play with bot). and If I play with bot until lvl 50. can I get MMR? whether it can increase my hidden MMR?
Thank you for your attention